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Assessment 7-3

  1. a- Review. What happens during diffusion?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b- Explain. Describe the process of osmosis.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c- Compare and contrast. What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. a- Review. How is active transport different from passive transport?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b- Explain. Describe the two major types of active transport?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c- Compare and contrast. How is endocytosis different from exocytosis?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. Based on the meaning of isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic, write definitions for the prefixes iso-, hyper-, and hypo- . Then come up with another set of words that uses these prefixes ( the words do not need to have the same suffixes).

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. The prefix phago- means “to eat”. The prefix pino- means “to drink”. Look up the definition of –cytosis, and write definitions for phagocyosis and pinocytosis.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


ENDOCYTOSIS




EXOCYTOSIS


Why are they examples of active transport and facilitated diffusion?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 2 BK 214- 215

Objective

Instruction: Define differentiation and give an example. Make a concept map with the words: cell, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, animal, plants, and each organelle (eukaryote) and functions (prokaryotes) see pg. 207 or search the web.

Differentiation- ________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Example- _____________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Concept map


Session 3 bk 216-217

Objective: Understand the levels of organization

Instructions: Answer Assessment 7-4. Name three organs in animals and the function of each. Do the same for three organs in plants. What can you say about protist?
Section Assessment 7-4

  1. a. What is Homeostasis?

______________________________________________________________________________

b. What do unicellular organisms do to maintain homeostasis?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. The contractile vacuole is an organelle found in paramecia, a group of unicellular organisms. Contractile vacuoles pump out fresh water that accumulates in the organisms by osmosis. Explain how this is an example of the way paramecia maintain homeostasis.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  1. a. What is cellular specialization?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. How do cellular junctions and receptors help an organism maintain homeostasis? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Using what you know about the way muscles move, predict which organelles would be most common in muscles cells.

_________________________________________________________________________________

  1. Use an area in your life- such as school, sports, or extracurricular activities- to construct an analogy that explains why specialization and communication are necessary for you to function well.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Animals (organs and functions)

  1. ___________________ - __________________________________________________________

  2. ___________________ - __________________________________________________________

  3. ___________________ - __________________________________________________________


Plants (organs and functions)

  1. ___________________ - __________________________________________________________

  2. ___________________ - __________________________________________________________

  3. ___________________ - __________________________________________________________


Protists (What can you say about protists considering the organs in animals and plants?)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 3 Lab practice

Objective: Observation of different kinds of cells distinguishing different structures and their function.
Práctica de Laboratorio 3

Observación de la especialización celular
Introducción

La célula es la unidad básica de la estructura y función de todos los organismos vivos. Todos los procesos necesarios para la vida ocurren en las células. En los organismos unicelulares, todas las funciones vitales tienen lugar dentro de una célula. En los organismos multicellares, como los de humanos y plantas, están conformados por muchas células con diferentes estructuras y funciones. Las células de los organismos multicelulares desempeñan funciones especiales.

En esta práctica observaras varios tipos de células y relacionaras sus diferencias estructurales con sus funciones.
Problema

¿Cómo se adaptan las estructuras de células especializadas para cuimplir sus funciones específicas?
Discusión Previa

  1. De las células con que trabajaras especifica cuáles son vegetales, cuales animales, y a que reino pertenecen.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  1. Que es una preparación temporal y que es una preparación permanente. En que casos es mejor una con relación a la otra?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  1. Para observar células vegetales, que característica debe tener la hoja para que podamos observarla en nuestro laboratorio?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  1. Que estructuras esperas encontrar en lo que observarás?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. Que diferencias importantes existen entre células vegetales y animales?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Materiales:

Hisopo
Elodea

Porta-objetos
Porta-objetos escavado

Cubre-objetos
Cinta adhesiva

Azul de metileno
Agua de arroyo

Microscopio
Micelio

Pan
Agua



Procedimiento A

  1. Utilizando un hisopo o palillo, haz un raspado en la mucosa de la parte interior de tu mejilla para desprender células epiteliales.

  2. Frota el palillo o hisopo en el porta-objetos para depositar la muestra. Añade una gota de azul de metileno.

  3. Coloca un cubreobjetos sobre la preparación. Asegúrate de que el portaobjetos este completamente seco por la parte de abajo, y que no haya exceso de colorante en la parte de arriba.

  4. Colocarlo en la platina para observarlo al microscopio utilizando la técnica de enfoque que ya conoces. Inicia el enfoque con el objetivo panorámico.

  5. Realiza un dibujo de lo observado.

Procedimiento B

  1. Toma una hojita (o un pedazo pequeño) de Elodea sp. y colócala sobre un portaobjeto.

  2. Con tu dedo agrega una gota de agua que puedes tomar del mismo recipiente en que se encuentra la planta.

  3. Utiliza un cubre-objetos y ponlo sobre la muestra.

  4. Seca los excesos de líquido tanto por arriba como por abajo. Recuerda que el microscopio no debe tocar líquidos en ningún momento.

  5. Colocarlo en la platina para observarlo al microscopio utilizando la técnica de enfoque que ya conoces.

  6. Enfoca iniciando por el objetivo panorámico.

  7. Realiza un dibujo de lo observado.


Procedimiento C

        1. En un porta-objetos colocar una gota de azul de metileno.

        2. Con un poco de cinta adhesiva, llevar la parte adherible hacia el micelio para que se adhiera. (el micelio proviene de material preparado por el laboratorio que consiste en unas rebanadas de pan humedecidas y colocadas en una bolsa de plástico).

        3. Pegar la cinta en el porta-objetos sobre el azul de metileno.

        4. Secar bien toda la preparación eliminando excesos de azul de metileno o agua.

        5. Observar al microscopio.

  1. Realiza un dibujo de lo observado.


Procedimiento D

              1. Tomar una gota de agua de charca utilizando un gotero.

              2. Colocar la muestra en un porta-objetos escavado. NO agregar ningún colorante.

              3. Colocar un cubre-objetos por encima para evitar contaminar los objetivos del microscopio

              4. Observar en 10X.

              5. Realiza un dibujo de lo observado.


CELULA VEGETAL
CELULA ANIMAL
Observaciones



PROTISTA
FUNGI

Análisis y Conclusiones

  1. ¿Qué características observaste en los protistas?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  1. ¿Qué diferencias importantes encontraste en lo que observaste en cuanto a la célula animal y la vegetal?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  1. ¿De las células que observaste cuales fueron las más grandes y cuales las más pequeñas?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  1. Menciona los reinos que observaste.

______________________________________________________________________________
Session 2 BK Pg. 220

Objective: Review all of the concepts on chapter 7.

Instructions: Answer correctly the following questions.
ASSESSMENT 7

  1. In many cells, the structure that controls the cell’s activities is the

  1. Cell membrane

  2. Organelle

  3. Nucleolus

  4. Nucleus




  1. Despite differences in size and shape, at some point all cells have DNA and a

  1. Cell wall

  2. Cell membrane

  3. Mitochondrion

  4. Nucleus




  1. What distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is the presence of

  1. A cell wall

  2. A nucleus

  3. DNA

  4. Ribosomes




  1. Create a table that summarizes the contributions made to the cell theory by Robert Hooke, Mathias

Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow.



Robert Hooke


Mathias Schleiden


Theodor Schwann


Rudolf Virchow





  1. Apply concepts. If you wanted to observe a living organism—an amoeba, for example—which type of microscope would you use?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. Compare and Contrast. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells alike? How do they differ?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes carrying genetic information are found in the

  1. Ribosomes

  2. Lysosomes

  3. Nucleus

  4. Cell membrane




  1. The organelles that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the cell are called

  1. Vacuoles

  2. Lysosomes

  3. Ribosomes

  4. Microfilaments




  1. Cell membranes consist mainly of

  1. Lipid bilayers

  2. Protein pumps

  3. Carbohydrates

  4. Proteins



  1. Draw a cell nucleus. Label and give the function of the following structures: chromatin, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope.


  1. What is the function of a ribosome?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. Describe the role of the Golgi apparatus.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. Infer. The pancreas, an organ present in certain animals, produces enzymes used elsewhere in the animals’ digestive systems. Which type of cell structure(s) might produce those enzymes? Explain your answer.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. Classify. For each of the following, indicate if the structure is found only in eukaryotes, or if it is found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, nucleus, cytoplasm and DNA.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is known as

  1. Exocytosis

  2. Phagocytosis

  3. Endocytosis

  4. Osmosis




  1. A substance that moves by passive transport tends to move

  1. Away from the area of equilibrium

  2. Away from the area where it is less concentrated

  3. Away from the area where it is more concentrated.

  4. Toward the area where it is more concentrated.




  1. Describe the process of diffusion, including a detailed explanation of equilibrium.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. What is the relationship between diffusion and osmosis? By definition, what’s the only substance that undergoes osmosis?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



  1. What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 3

Instructions: Continue with Chapter Assessment 7


  1. Predict. The beaker in the diagram below has a selectively permeable membrane separating two solutions. Assume that both water and salt can pass freely through the membrane. When equilibrium is reached, will the fluid levels be the same as they are now? Explain.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. Predict. What would happen to a sample of your red blood cell if they were placed in a hypotonic solution? Explain.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. Design Experiments. You are given food coloring and three beakers. The first beaker contains water at room temperature, the second beaker contains ice water, and the third beaker contains hot water. Design a controlled experiment to determine the effects of temperature on the rate of diffusion. Be sure to state your hypothesis.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. Which of the following is true of ALL single celled organisms?

  1. They are all prokaryotes

  2. They are all bacteria

  3. They all reproduce

  4. They all have a nucleus




  1. A tissue is composed of a group of

  1. Similar cells

  2. Related organelles

  3. Organ systems

  4. Related organs




  1. Explain the relationship among cell specialization, multicellular organisms, and homeostasis.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


  1. Describe the relationship among cells, tissues, organs and organ systems.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Session 4 Lab Practice #4

Objective: Distinguish the different phases of mitosis in onion cells.

Introduction:
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